Orthodontics

Orthodontics deals with diagnosing, correcting, and even preventing abnormalities (malocclusions) in the shape, position, relationship, and function of the teeth and jaws, the face, and functional disorders of chewing. These abnormalities include:

• Misalignment or crowding of the teeth.

• Forward or backward position of the teeth in relation to the jaws.

• Displacement of one of the two jaws, etc.

Although orthodontic treatments can be performed at any age, the earlier these anomalies are detected, the simpler and more effective their treatment and correction will be. That is why orthodontists recommend that children have a check-up starting at age six.

Orthodontic treatments can include:

• Interceptive: these are performed when the child still has their primary dentition or is in the process of renewal and are aimed at resolving incipient malocclusions derived, for example, from the habit of sucking the thumb.

• Corrective treatments, on the other hand, are carried out when prior interceptive treatment has not been performed or has not been sufficient to prevent malocclusion, and the goal is to resolve the problem permanently. In this case, it is recommended to begin treatment between the ages of 10 and 12, as it can last between one and a half and three years.

• Fixed braces: These are the most important, as they allow for the individual movement of each and every tooth in any direction. These are the familiar brackets, metal pieces that hold the archwire which moves the teeth. Currently, sapphire brackets are also available; these are virtually invisible because they are made of highly durable, transparent crystals.

• Removable appliances: These appliances are characterized by the fact that they can be removed without the orthodontist's assistance for eating or cleaning. They are indicated for correcting breathing and/or swallowing problems, expanding the jaws, creating space for future permanent teeth, aligning teeth, closing open bites, etc. They are sometimes used as support for fixed orthodontic appliances.

After fixed orthodontics, it is generally necessary to use appliances called retention devices, whose function is to keep the teeth in place, preventing possible movement of them.

Sometimes orthodontics may not be enough to correct dental anomalies or malocclusions, in which case the treatment could be complemented with maxillofacial surgery.